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Futures Markets
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Precious Metals
Gold
Silver
Platinum
Palladium
Base Metals
Copper
Aluminum
Ferrous Metals
Hot-Rolled Coil Steel
Ferrous Scrap
Iron Ore
Battery Metals
Cobalt
Lithium Hydroxide
Lithium CarbonateGold is sold by the troy ounce.
Explanation: A troy ounce is a unit of weight specifically used for precious metals like gold, and is equal to 31.103 grams.
Key points about gold and troy ounces:
Standard measurement: The troy ounce is the standard unit for pricing and measuring gold.
Origin of the term: "Troy" refers to the city of Troyes in France, where this system of measurement originated.
Not the same as a regular ounce: A troy ounce is slightly heavier than a standard ounce.
The Troy Ounce
Gold is sold by the troy ounce (31.103 g).
Silver is measured in troy ounces. Each troy ounce contains about 31.1034768 grams of silver, which is slightly higher than a standard ounce which has only 28 grams. How many troy ounces are in a kilogram of silver? There are 32.151 troy ounces in one kilogram of silver.
Troy Ounces
The price of silver is quoted in troy ounces which is often abbreviated to “T. Oz.” or just “Oz.” Troy ounces are only used to refer to the weight of precious metals and gemstones. 1 troy ounce = 31.1 grams, this is different to the standard (avoirdupois) ounce where one standard ounce = 28.35 grams.
Silver is sold by dealers and mints in bars, coins, and rounds.
Dealers
Premium: Dealers buy and sell silver at a premium to the current spot price.
Bid and ask prices: The bid price is what a dealer will pay for silver, and the ask price is what they will charge to sell it.
Spread: The difference between the bid and ask prices is the spread, which is the dealer's profit.
Mints
Private mints
Most silver bars and rounds are produced by private mints in the United States and around the world.
Sovereign mints
Silver coins are produced by sovereign mints around the world, including the Perth Mint in Australia.
Where to buy silver
Online
You can buy silver online from dealers and mints like APMEX, JM Bullion, and Silver Gold Bull.
Banks
Some banks sell physical silver investment products, but they may charge high premiums.
Selling silver
Jewelers: You can sell silver to local jewelers.
Platinum is sold by the troy ounce, and can be purchased in the form of bars, coins, and ingots.
Where is platinum sold?
New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX): A major marketplace for platinum trading
London Platinum and Palladium Market (LPPM): A key market for platinum trading that sets benchmark prices
Chicago Mercantile Exchange (COMEX): A commodities exchange that also trades platinum, but to a lesser extent than the NYMEX and LPPM
How is platinum priced?
The spot price of platinum is the price for immediate delivery
The price of platinum is influenced by the state of the economy, political events, and currency strength
The price of platinum includes a premium for refining and sales
How is platinum traded?
Platinum can be bought and sold through exchanges, such as the NYMEX and LPPM
Platinum can also be purchased through Exchange Trade Funds (ETFs)
Derivatives and futures based on platinum's performance are also available
How is platinum verified?
To be sold on most international markets, platinum ingots must be assayed and hallmarked
Platinum is traded on the New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX) and the London Platinum and Palladium Market. To be saleable on most international markets, platinum ingots must be assayed and hallmarked in a manner similar to the way gold and silver are.
Palladium is typically sold by bullion dealers, precious metal refineries, and online marketplaces like Kitco, JM Bullion, and other specialized companies that deal in precious metals, often in the form of bars or coins; the London Platinum and Palladium Market (LPPM) is a key platform for global palladium trading.
Key points about palladium sales:
Major producers:
Russia and South Africa are the primary producers of palladium, contributing a significant portion of the global supply.
Trading platforms:
Palladium is traded on markets like the London Platinum and Palladium Market (LPPM) and the New York Mercantile Exchange.
Forms of sale:
Palladium is commonly sold as bullion bars or coins, with various sizes available depending on the seller.
"Ap oz" is an abbreviation for "apothecaries' ounce".
Explanation
An ounce is a unit of measurement for weight. There are multiple types of ounces, including the avoirdupois ounce, the troy ounce, and the fluid ounce.
Avoirdupois ounce
The avoirdupois ounce is the standard ounce used in the United States and Britain.
It is equal to 1/16 of an avoirdupois pound.
It is used to measure the mass of most objects.
It is equal to 28.349523125 grams.
Troy ounce
The troy ounce is used to measure the mass of precious metals like gold, silver, and platinum.
It is equal to 31.1034768 grams.
Fluid ounce
The fluid ounce is a unit of measurement for the volume of liquids.
It is commonly abbreviated as "fl oz".
The AP Stylebook recommends spelling out ounces, teaspoons, and other measures, even in recipes.
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Crude Oil
Refined Products and Biofuels
Natural Gas
Carbon Emissions Solutions
WeatherCrude oil is sold by the barrel.
Explanation: A barrel is a unit of volume used in the oil industry, equaling 42 US gallons. When discussing the price or quantity of crude oil, it is always referenced in terms of barrels.
Key points about crude oil sales:
Unit: Barrel (bbl)
Major influencing organization: OPEC (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries)
How price is determined: Based on supply and demand, with OPEC member countries having significant influence on production levels
Natural gas is sold by the "therm" or "million British thermal units (MMBtu)", meaning it's priced based on its heating value rather than just its volume; essentially, you're buying a certain amount of energy contained within the gas, not just a specific cubic footage.
Key points about natural gas sales:
Unit of measurement: Typically measured in "therms" (1 therm = 100,000 BTU) for retail sales, or "MMBtu" for larger transactions.
Pricing basis: The price is usually quoted per therm or per MMBtu.
Who sells it: Natural gas is primarily sold by utility companies to residential and commercial consumers.
What is the RBOB gasoline?
RBOB stands for Reformulated Blendstock for Oxygenate Blending, a component that is used to create reformulated gasoline. Reformulated gasoline produces less smog than other gasoline blends. As a result, around 30% of the U.S. market requires gasoline to be reformulated.
Heating oil is sold by the gallon.
Explanation: When you purchase heating oil, the price is quoted and calculated based on the number of gallons you buy, making "gallon" the unit of measurement used.
Key points about heating oil:
Unit of measurement: Gallon
Common usage: Primarily used for home heating in regions with cold winters
Source: Derived from crude oil refined in refineries
Kerosene is toxic when ingested or inhaled, potentially causing serious health problems, including burns, respiratory issues, and neurological damage, and can be fatal.
El queroseno es tóxico cuando se ingiere o se inhala y puede causar graves problemas de salud, como quemaduras, problemas respiratorios y daños neurológicos, además de ser mortal.
Kerosene: A light petroleum distillate that is used in space heaters, cook stoves, and water heaters and is suitable for use as a light source when burned in wick-fed lamps. Kerosene has a maximum distillation temperature of 400 degrees Fahrenheit at the 10-percent recovery point, a final boiling point of 572 degrees Fahrenheit, and a minimum flash point of 100 degrees Fahrenheit. Included are No. 1-K and No. 2-K, the two grades recognized by ASTM Specification D 3699 as well as all other grades of kerosene called range or stove oil, which have properties similar to those of No. 1 fuel oil. Also see Kerosene-type jet fuel.
Kerosene is commonly sold by the gallon, either in individual containers or in bulk, and can be found at various retailers like hardware stores, camping stores, and some gas stations.
Here's a more detailed breakdown:
Containers:
1-gallon containers: These are a common size for portable kerosene heaters, lamps, and stoves.
5-gallon containers: Larger containers are available for those who need to store larger quantities of kerosene.
Bulk: Some suppliers offer kerosene in bulk, often delivered by tanker for larger quantities.
Retailers:
Hardware Stores: Ace Hardware and The Home Depot are common places to find kerosene.
Camping Stores: Stores like Tractor Supply and Walmart often carry kerosene for camping stoves and lanterns.
Gas Stations: Some gas stations offer kerosene, especially in areas where it's used for heating or other purposes.
Online Retailers: Amazon.com and Walmart.com also sell kerosene.
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Grain & Oilseeds
Livestock
Dairy
Fertilizer
LumberCorn is typically sold by the bushel.
Explanation: When discussing large quantities of corn, especially in agricultural markets, the standard unit of measurement is the bushel, with a standard weight of 56 pounds per bushel for corn.
Key points about corn sales:
Bulk sales: Farmers usually sell their corn to grain elevators (distribution centers) by the bushel.
Market pricing: Prices for corn are often quoted in dollars per bushel.
Fresh corn: While fresh sweet corn may be sold by the dozen at a grocery store, large-scale sales are still typically done by the bushel.
Soybeans are sold by the bushel and are one of the most traded agricultural commodities in the world.
How are soybeans sold?
Sold to processing plants: After harvest, soybeans are sold to processing plants that separate the soybean meal from the oil.
Traded as futures: Soybean futures are traded on the Chicago Board of Trade.
Who are the major soybean producers and exporters?
Brazil
The world's largest soybean producer and exporter. In 2023, Brazil exported a record 3,744 million bushels of soybeans.
United States
A major competitor to Brazil, and together they supply over 80% of global soybean exports.
What are the uses of soybeans?
Animal feed: Most of the soymeal is used to make animal feed.
Soyfoods: Some soymeal is used to make soyfoods like tofu and soy milk.
Cooking oil: Soybean oil is used for cooking.
Biodiesel and bioheat: Soybean oil is used to make biodiesel and bioheat.
Industrial supplies: Soybean oil is used to make non-toxic industrial supplies like paints and cleaners.
Wheat is sold by the bushel; a unit of measurement where one bushel of wheat is typically equivalent to 60 pounds of wheat.
Key points about wheat sales:
Marketplaces:
Farmers usually sell their harvested wheat to local grain elevators, which then sell to larger terminal elevators for further processing and distribution to flour mills or export markets.
Trading platforms:
Wheat futures are traded on commodity exchanges like the Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT) and the Kansas City Board of Trade (KCBT), where contracts are based on a set number of bushels.
Major exporters:
Countries like Russia, the United States, Canada, and Australia are major exporters of wheat globally.
Cattle is sold by the hundredweight (cwt), meaning the price is calculated based on the weight of the animal in hundreds of pounds.
Explanation:
Hundredweight: A unit of weight equal to 100 pounds.
Cattle market: When buying or selling cattle, the price is typically quoted per hundredweight, allowing for easier comparison between different sized animals.
Cattle are sold by auction to the highest bidder. Swine, goats, sheep, horses and llamas are also sold at sale barns, usually on different days. Most auction barns only have sales on specific days of the week. Certain auction days may be reserved just for beef or dairy cattle or for goats or swine.
A "lean hog" is sold by the pound; specifically, it is traded as a futures contract on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) where the price is quoted in cents per pound of lean hog carcass weight.
Key points about lean hog trading:
Market: Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME)
Contract unit: 40,000 pounds of lean hog carcass weight
Price quotation: US cents per pound
the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME)
Lean Hog is a type of hog (pork) futures contract that can be used to hedge and to speculate on pork prices in the US. Lean Hog futures and options are traded on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME), which introduced Lean Hog futures contracts in 1966.
Rice is typically sold by the kilogram.
Explanation: Most grocery stores and markets around the world use kilograms as the standard unit for measuring and selling rice.
Oats are typically sold by the kilo, meaning you can buy them in one kilogram packages at the grocery store; this is a common way to purchase them, particularly in most parts of the world.
Key points about buying oats by the kilo:
Standard packaging: Many brands of rolled oats come in 1kg bags.
Convenience: Buying by kilo allows for easy portioning and calculation for recipes.
Bulk options: Some stores may also offer larger bulk quantities of oats, sold by the kilo.
Milk is typically sold by the gallon in most parts of the United States; however, in many other countries, it is sold by the liter.
Key points:
Unit of measurement: Gallon (in the US) or liter (in many other countries).
Reason for gallon usage: Historically, gallons have been the standard unit for selling milk in the US.
Cocoa is sold by the metric ton on commodity markets, with major trading hubs like the Intercontinental Exchange (ICE) in London and New York where futures contracts are bought and sold based on set quantities, usually 10 metric tons per contract;.
Key points about cocoa trading:
Major producers: Ivory Coast and Ghana are the leading cocoa producers globally, accounting for a significant portion of the market.
Trading platforms: Cocoa is primarily traded on the ICE exchange, with separate markets for London (focused on West African cocoa) and New York (focused on Southeast Asian cocoa).
Contract size: A standard cocoa contract on the ICE is typically 10 metric tons
Coffee is typically sold by the pound; meaning when buying coffee beans, the price is usually listed per pound, whether it's from a roaster, wholesaler, or at a grocery store.
Key points about coffee sales:
Green beans:
In the wholesale market, coffee is often bought and sold as "green coffee beans" before roasting, traded as a commodity on exchanges.
Retail sales:
For consumers, coffee is sold in pre-packaged bags or by weight at specialty stores, with the price usually listed per pound.
Coffee shops:
Cafes primarily sell coffee drinks by the cup, with prices varying based on size and type of drink.
Cotton is sold by the pound or by the yard as a raw commodity and as fabric.
As a raw commodity
Sale to buyers and merchants: Cotton producers sell to local buyers or merchants who then sell it to textile mills.
Exports: The United States and Brazil are the world's largest exporters of cotton.
As fabric
Sale by the yard: Cotton fabric can be purchased by the yard online or in stores.
Precut fabric: Some stores sell precut fabric in 1-yard increments.
Types of cotton fabric: Some common types of cotton fabric include muslin, oxford, denim, calico, and canvas duck.
Cotton fabric retailers
Fabric Wholesale Direct: Sells cotton fabrics like flannel, broadcloth, gauze, and duck canvas by the yard
Amazing Warehouse inc. Sells cotton polyester fabric by the yard
JOANN: Sells 100% cotton fabric by the yard, including precut fabric
OnlineFabricStore: Sells 100% cotton fabric, including muslin, oxford, denim, calico, and canvas duck
Orange juice is typically sold by the carton at the grocery store, although it can also be found in smaller individual bottles depending on the size and brand.
Key points about orange juice sales:
Major brands:
Leading brands like Tropicana (owned by PepsiCo) and Minute Maid (owned by Coca-Cola) are commonly found in supermarkets.
Packaging options:
Orange juice can be sold in large cartons, smaller single-serving bottles, or even in concentrated form.
Market share:
Tropicana generally holds the largest market share for orange juice in the United States.
Citrus: World Markets and Trade
Sugar is sold by the pound.
Explanation: In most places, sugar is commonly measured and sold in pounds, whether it's in a grocery store or a bulk purchase.
The USDA regulates sugar in the United States through a variety of programs, including price supports, marketing allotments, and import quotas. The USDA also monitors the sugar market and publishes reports on supply, demand, and trade.
Sugar production
The USDA estimates the supply and use of sugar in the United States.
The USDA also estimates the production of sugar in other countries.
The United States is one of the world's largest producers of sugar.
Sugar consumption
The USDA recommends that adults consume no more than 10 teaspoons of sugar per day.
The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend that added sugars make up less than 10% of daily calories.
Sugar imports
The USDA establishes annual tariff-rate quotas (TRQs) for sugar imports.
TRQs allow a certain amount of sugar to enter the country at a low tariff.
Sugar programs
The USDA also has programs to support domestic sugar production, including loans to processors and marketing allotments.
Sugar reports
The USDA publishes reports on sugar, including the World Agricultural Supply and Demand Estimates and the Sugar and Sweeteners Yearbook Tables.
Lumber is commonly sold by the board foot, a unit of measurement that calculates the volume of wood. Board foot is used to buy multiple boards of lumber that vary in size.
Explanation
A board foot is the volume of a board that is 12 in long, 12 in wide, and 1 in thick.
To calculate the board footage of a piece of lumber, multiply the length in feet by the width in inches, then divide by 12.
Lumber thickness is often listed in 1/4-inch increments, such as 4/4 for 1 in, 6/4 for 1.5 in, and so on.
Board foot is used for rough sawn lumber, which is lumber that has not been milled. Surfaced lumber is typically sold by the linear foot.
Other lumber pricing
Lumber can also be sold by the piece or by the linear foot. The price per foot depends on the board's width and thickness.
Related terms
Board foot is abbreviated as FBM, BDFT, or BF. A thousand board feet is abbreviated as MFBM, MBFT, or MBF.
Hardwood lumber is typically sold by the board foot, a unit of volume equivalent to a board that is one inch thick, one foot wide and one foot long, or 144 cubic inches.
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Mercados de futuros
Micros
Índices bursátiles
Metales
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Metales preciosos
Oro
Plata
Platino
Paladio
Metales básicos
Cobre
Aluminio
Metales ferrosos
Acero en bobina laminado en caliente
Chatarra ferrosa
Mineral de hierro
Metales para baterías
Cobalto
Hidróxido de litio
Carbonato de litio
Energía
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Petróleo crudo
Productos refinados y biocombustibles
Gas natural
Soluciones para las emisiones de carbono
Clima
Agricultura
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Granos y semillas oleaginosas
Ganadería
Lácteos
Fertilizantes
Madera
Divisas
Tasas de interés
Criptomonedas
Futures Markets
Micros
Stock Indices
Metals
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Precious Metals
Gold
Silver
Platinum
Palladium
Base Metals
Copper
Aluminum
Ferrous Metals
Hot-Rolled Coil Steel
Ferrous Scrap
Iron Ore
Battery Metals
Cobalt
Lithium Hydroxide
Lithium Carbonate
Energy
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Crude Oil
Refined Products and Biofuels
Natural Gas
Carbon Emissions Solutions
Weather
Agriculture
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Grain & Oilseeds
Livestock
Dairy
Fertilizer
Lumber
Currency
Interest Rates
Crypto
Buen vídeo que informa sobre la oferta y la demanda de futuros de jugo de naranja congelado.
USDA
USDA significa Departamento de Agricultura de los Estados Unidos. Es una agencia gubernamental responsable del suministro de alimentos, la agricultura y las comunidades rurales del país.
Temas (USDA) Servicio de Investigación
¿Qué hace el USDA?
Lidera temas relacionados con la alimentación, la agricultura, los recursos naturales y el desarrollo rural
Trabaja para promover la producción agrícola que nutre a los estadounidenses y a otras personas en todo el mundo
Conserva los recursos naturales de la nación a través de la reforestación, mejoras en las cuencas hidrográficas y tierras de cultivo saludables
Ayuda a que las zonas rurales de Estados Unidos prosperen a través de oportunidades económicas e innovación
Historia
El presidente Abraham Lincoln firmó la legislación para establecer el USDA el 15 de mayo de 1862
En su mensaje final al Congreso, Lincoln llamó al USDA "El Departamento del Pueblo"
Programas del USDA
El USDA también ofrece:
El Programa de Asistencia Nutricional Suplementaria para Desastres, que ayuda a las personas que se recuperan de desastres naturales a obtener asistencia alimentaria
Hipotecas respaldadas por el gobierno para prestatarios en áreas rurales elegibles
La Bolsa Mercantil de Chicago (CME)
CME Understanding Moving Averages
CNBC
CNBC significa Consumer News and Business Channel. Es un canal de noticias de negocios con sede en EE. UU. que ofrece cobertura del mercado financiero e información comercial en tiempo real.
CNBC Markets - Futuros y materias primas
Datos "previos a la comercialización" de CNBC Markets
Bloomberg
Bloomberg es una empresa de noticias y medios financieros que ofrece datos, análisis y tecnología a empresas y consumidores. Michael Bloomberg fundó la empresa en 1981.
Gráfico de desempeño del sector de Bloomberg
Qué hace Bloomberg:
Ofrece datos financieros históricos y en tiempo real, incluidos precios, noticias comerciales y cobertura de analistas
Proporciona herramientas de análisis profesionales para profesionales financieros
Ofrece noticias e información a través de televisión, radio e impresos
Proporciona acceso a los mercados financieros a través de Bloomberg Terminal
Ofertas de medios de Bloomberg
Bloomberg Television, una red de noticias financieras las 24 horas
Bloomberg Radio
Componentes móviles, en línea y con publicidad
Bloomberg Philanthropies
Bloomberg Philanthropies es una fundación benéfica que apoya las artes, la educación, el medio ambiente, la innovación gubernamental y la salud pública. Bloomberg ha donado miles de millones de dólares a la filantropía, incluida la mayoría de sus ganancias de Bloomberg L.P.
La defensa del medio ambiente de Bloomberg
Bloomberg ha abogado por políticas de cambio climático y ha sido designado por las Naciones Unidas como Enviado Especial para las Ciudades y el Cambio Climático.
TradingView - Precios de futuros
Wikipedia
Lista de materias primas comercializadas
USDA
USDA stands for the United States Department of Agriculture. It's a government agency that's responsible for the country's food supply, agriculture, and rural communities.
Topics (USDA) Research Service
What does the USDA do?
Leads on issues related to food, agriculture, natural resources, and rural development
Works to promote agriculture production that nourishes Americans and others around the world
Conserves the nation's natural resources through reforestation, watershed improvements, and healthy working lands
Helps rural America thrive through economic opportunity and innovation
History
President Abraham Lincoln signed legislation to establish the USDA on May 15, 1862
In his final message to Congress, Lincoln called the USDA "The People's Department"
USDA programs
The USDA also offers:
The Disaster Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, which helps people recovering from natural disasters get food assistance
Government-backed mortgages for borrowers in eligible rural areas
The Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME)
CME Understanding Moving Averages
CNBC
CNBC stands for Consumer News and Business Channel. It's a US-based business news channel that provides real-time financial market coverage and business information.
CNBC Markets - Futures & Commodities
CNBC Markets “Pre-market” data
Bloomberg
Bloomberg is a financial news and media company that provides data, analysis, and technology to businesses and consumers. Michael Bloomberg founded the company in 1981.
Bloomberg Sector Performance Chart
What Bloomberg does:
Offers real-time and historical financial data, including prices, trading news, and analyst coverage
Provides professional analysis tools for financial professionals
Offers news and information through television, radio, and print
Provides access to financial markets through the Bloomberg Terminal
Bloomberg's media offerings
Bloomberg Television, a 24-hour financial news network
Bloomberg Radio
Mobile, online, and advertising-supported components
Bloomberg Philanthropies
Bloomberg Philanthropies is a charitable foundation that supports the arts, education, environment, government innovation, and public health. Bloomberg has donated billions of dollars to philanthropy, including the majority of his profits from Bloomberg L.P.
Bloomberg's environmental advocacy
Bloomberg has advocated for climate change policies and has been appointed by the United Nations as a Special Envoy for Cities and Climate Change.
Wikipedia
